练习材料：

Lesson 44-4Patterns of culture

In all the lesscontroversial fields, like the study of cacti or termites or the nature ofnebulae, the necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and totake note of all possible variant forms and conditions. In this way, we havelearned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of thesocial insects, let us say. It is only in the study of man himself that themajor social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, thatof Western civilization.

Anthropology wasby definition impossible, as long as these distinctions between ourselves andthe primitive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held swayover people's minds. It was necessary first to arrive at that degree ofsophistication where we no longer set our own belief against our neighbour’ssuperstition. It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which arebased on the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must be consideredtogether, our own among the rest.

ˈpætᵊnz ɒv ˈkʌlʧə

ɪn ɔːl ðə lɛs ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃᵊl

fiːldz, laɪk ðə ˈstʌdi ɒv ˈkæktaɪ ɔː ˈtɜːmaɪts ɔː ðə ˈneɪʧər ɒv ˈnɛbjəliː, ðə

ˈnɛsəsᵊri ˈmɛθəd ɒv ˈstʌdi ɪz tuː ɡruːp ðə ˈrɛləvᵊntməˈtɪəriəl ænd tuː teɪk nəʊt ɒv ɔːl ˈpɒsəbᵊl ˈveəriənt fɔːmz ænd kənˈdɪʃᵊnz. ɪnðɪs weɪ, wiː hæv lɜːnt ɔːl ðæt wiː nəʊ ɒv ðə lɔːz ɒv əsˈtrɒnəmi, ɔːr ɒv ðə ˈhæbɪtsɒv ðə ˈsəʊʃᵊl ˈɪnsɛkts, lɛt ʌs seɪ. ɪt ɪz ˈəʊnli ɪn ðə ˈstʌdi ɒv mæn hɪmˈsɛlfðæt ðə ˈmeɪʤə ˈsəʊʃᵊl ˈsaɪənsɪz hæv ˈsʌbstɪtjuːtɪd ðə ˈstʌdi ɒv wʌn ˈləʊkᵊl ˌveəriˈeɪʃᵊn,ðæt ɒv ˈwɛstᵊn ˌsɪvᵊlaɪˈzeɪʃᵊn.

ˌænθrəˈpɒləʤi wɒz

baɪ ˌdɛfɪˈnɪʃᵊn ɪmˈpɒsəbᵊl, æz lɒŋ æz ðiːz dɪsˈtɪŋkʃᵊnz bɪˈtwiːn ˌaʊəˈsɛlvz ænd

ðə ˈprɪmɪtɪv, ˌaʊəˈsɛlvz ænd ðə bɑːˈbeəriən, ˌaʊəˈsɛlvz

ænd ðə ˈpeɪɡᵊn, hɛld sweɪ ˈəʊvə ˈpiːpᵊlz maɪndz. ɪt wɒz

ˈnɛsəsᵊri fɜːst tuː əˈraɪv æt ðæt dɪˈɡriː ɒv səˌfɪstɪˈkeɪʃᵊn

weə wiː nəʊ ˈlɒŋɡə sɛt ˈaʊər əʊn bɪˈliːf əˈɡɛnst ˈaʊə ˈneɪbəz ˈsuːpəˈstɪʃᵊn. ɪt wɒz ˈnɛsəsᵊri

tuː ˈrɛkəɡnaɪz ðæt ðiːz ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃᵊnz wɪʧ ɑː beɪst ɒn ðə seɪm ˈprɛmɪsɪz, lɛt ʌs seɪ ðə

ˌsuːpəˈnæʧᵊrᵊl, mʌst biː kənˈsɪdəd təˈɡɛðə, ˈaʊər əʊn əˈmʌŋðə rɛst.

任务配置：L0 + L4

知识笔记：

单词：1、controversial：有争议的，争论的，2、cacti：仙人掌，3、termites：白蚁，4、nebulae：星云，5、relevant：相关的，应用，贴题，6、variant：变种，变体，7、take note of：记笔记，记录，8、astronomy：天文学，9、let us say：比如，例如，10、substitute：替代，替换，11、anthropology：人类学，12、definition：定义，13、distinction：区别，分别，卓越，14、barbarian：野蛮人，15、pagan：异教徒，16、sway：摇摆，摆动，晃动，17、hold sway：当道，18、sophistication：复杂性，诡辩，19、superstition：迷信，20、premise：前提，预述，21、supernatural：超自然的，22、

音标：

练习感悟：读起来特别拗口，而且速度也有点快，录了四五遍才勉强达标。